How a laser engraver works

Unlike 3D printing which works by additive process, the laser engraver works by abrasion. 

This technique therefore involves the use of a laser that, reaching very high temperatures, is able to liquefy the material and engrave thin or deep lines depending on the power of the engraver. 

Laser engraving allows the customisation of different materials, imprinting a personal and distinctive mark that lasts over time and is not subject to modification by external agents.

Let's see together how laser engraving works and what are the advantages of this technique.

Operation and technique of laser engraving

The laser is a rather precise instrument and capable of tracing different types of lines.

First, in order to achieve an optimal result, it is important to develop the layout of the drawing using graphics software. Among the most used by professionals are CorelDraw, Photoshop, AutoCAD, Illustrator, InkScape and many more. 

What is important to know is that there are two types of laser engraving: raster and vector. The two techniques are very different from each other and lead to different results.

In the first case, it is a standard technique, in which the graphic of the drawing sent to the machine is made of pixels and will be executed line by line and point by point. 

On the contrary, in the case of vector (also called "scoring"), the layout consists of curves and lines, which will be engraved by the laser one after the other and at the same time.

Therefore, the raster technique is more suitable for drawings on large surfaces such as lettering or full images. Otherwise, the vector will be more suitable for fine lines and precision work.

Finally, it is important to know the characteristics of the material to be engraved. 

In fact, to guarantee a quality final product, the power and speed of the laser must be set on the basis of the technical characteristics of the chosen material. 

Therefore, once the drawing has been sent to the machine, the laser must be set according to the material considering hardness, flexibility, resistance, and other important parameters for the realization of the object.

What can be achieved with laser engraving

The laser engraving technique is used for several applications:

• Paper stamping and finishing

Usually used for cardboard and custom fittings as displays for shops and merchandising. In addition to this, it is also possible to engrave business cards, labels and much more.

• Signs and promotional items

If they are billboards or signs to be placed outside, laser engraving is the most suitable technique, as it resists the elements and is preserved over time. The same can also apply to badges or personalised products, even with very complex designs. 

• Prizes, plates, and trophies

The laser can now be used to engrave plates, pens, watches and much more, guaranteeing the integrity of the material and a lasting engraving over time. However, it must be taken into account that since the laser heats the material a lot, it could oxidize it or change its shape and colour.

• Art, fashion, and crafts 

Laser engraving is often used in costume jewellery, in the engraving of leather and fabrics for the fashion industry or for the creation of works of art. In fact, this technique allows artisans and designers great creative freedom.

The advantages

The advantages of laser engraving can be different.

1. Wide range of materials 

The laser beam can be used on wood, glass, MDF, fabrics, paper, metals and much more. This allows great flexibility in the development of customized products.

2. Contactless machining

Because the laser cuts at a distance, the wear of the parts is limited and does not require special fixing manoeuvres during machining. This allows you to produce quickly, efficiently and at a lower cost.

3. Accuracy and details

Laser engraving allows you to trace complex lines and decorative elements with great precision. This allows not only detailed drawing, but also speed in mass production of objects.

Conclusions

Laser engraving is a relatively simple technique that allows great flexibility and creativity.

The wide range of materials on which to work, the precision in execution and its speed, make this technique suitable both for different product sectors and for artisanal creations.